The founder and CEO of Amazon Jeff Bezos lost his title as the richest man in the world after the closing of the stock markets.

Amazon shares fell 7% after stock markets closed, dropping Jeff Bezos' fortune to $ 103.9 billion. He becomes the second richest man on the planet, behind the co-founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, whose fortune is estimated at $ 105.7 billion.

Jeff Bezos had become the biggest fortune on the planet in 2018, also establishing himself as the first "centimillionaire" to appear in the Forbes 400 ranking with $ 160 billion, dethroning Bill Gates, who held the first place in 24 years.

But the fall of the fortune of the CEO of Amazon is not entirely due to the decline in the value of the shares of his company. Jeff Bezos also transferred a quarter of his Amazon assets to MacKenzie Bezos, his ex-wife, as part of their divorce deal earlier this year. MacKenzie Bezos is now at the head of a fortune of $32.7 billion and is now one of the 20 richest personalities in the world.

After the stock market closed, Amazon stocks lost almost 9% in value $ 1,624 in just 20 minutes. Since then, the online trading giant has rebounded slightly, rising to $ 1,657 per share.

The company has said it is investing heavily in logistics and its delivery infrastructure, with the goal of making delivery accessible in one business day to all Amazon Prime members. In July, Amazon announced it had spent "a little" more than the $ 800 million expected in the second quarter for delivery in 24 hours. The group does not want to reveal how much it invested in the third quarter. Nevertheless, Brian Olsavsky, the chief financial officer of Amazon, revealed Thursday that the company was planning to invest $ 1.5 billion in the fourth quarter, still to finance delivery in a business day.

Bill Gates appeared in the very first billionaire Forbes ranking in 1987, with a net worth of $ 1.25 billion. He later joined the Forbes 400 list of the richest Americans in 1998, at the head of a $ 1.6 billion fortune, one year after Amazon's IPO.

Water is essential for the life of human beings. For that reason, many space trips claim to find a planet that contains that coveted liquid. It doesn't hurt to think of a plan B in case we are forced to leave Earth in the future.

Although there is a lot of water on our planet, some countries have more difficulties than others to obtain it. One such example is the African continent, shaken for decades by scarcity.

Naturally, lack of water also means less hygiene and more diseases, which ends up leading to deaths. It’s a critical situation that could be solved by converting sea salt water into drinking water – the problem is that it is usually a very expensive process.

Luckily, a nonprofit organization has devised a system that performs that conversion using solar energy, which is much more economical and efficient. Could it be the solution for Africa?

GivePower, a non-profit organization, has built in Kiunga (Kenya) an installation capable of generating 75,000 liters of drinking water per day, which serves to supply fresh water to approximately 35,000 people.

To achieve this, the NGO uses advanced filtration systems and a new desalination technology that uses solar energy – it needs to deploy solar farms in the place.

From the foundation they explain that their process produces, in comparison with the traditional water wells, a much larger quantity of water with greater quality, all in a shorter period of time and betting on renewable energies. This which implies a cost less than any other desalination system.

The Kiunga project is not the first or the last of GivePower, since they have already led similar initiatives in Puerto Rico, Congo or Haiti. On their website they claim to have brought clean and renewable energy to more than 2,650 schools in 17 countries and changed the lives of more than 400,000 people.

Known as 'the man with the golden arm', James Harrison, an 81-year-old Australian, donated almost every week for the past 60 years, and recently he "retired," closing a life-saving story. of more than 2.4 million babies.

In full knowledge of the exceptional value of his blood, Harrison donated 1,100 times, and with this he helped develop the Anti-D injection, a key medicine in the fight against Rhesus disease, since his blood plasma contains unique antibodies.

According to the Australian Red Cross Service, until 1967, thousands of women experienced abortions and babies were born with brain damage for unknown reasons, but then it was known that the disease that afflicted them was Rhesus disease. It is a blood disorder in which the blood of the pregnant woman (Rh negative) attacks the red blood cells of her fetus (Rh positive, inherited from the father), causing brain damage or death.

Thanks to Harrison, Australia was one of the first countries to discover a blood donor with the antibody that allowed them to develop the Anti-D injection, which prevents women with Rh-negative blood from developing RhD antibodies during pregnancy.

The Australian attributes that the uniqueness of his blood is due to the 13 units of blood plasma he received as a donation, when he was only 14 years old, due to an operation in which a lung was removed.

"When I left the operation, or a couple of days later, my father explained to me what had happened. He said that I had received 13 units of blood and that unknown people had saved my life. He himself was a donor, so he I said that when I was old enough, I would become a blood donor, " Harrison said, who also benefited from his donation to have his own daughter receive the Anti-D vaccine.

For his thousands of donated units, and for the millions of lives he saved, James Harrison received the Medal of the Order of Australia and is considered a national hero in his country.

Back in the early twentieth century, the German scientist Otto Warburg discovered that cancer cells produce energy by very fast glycolysis (breaking down glucose without oxygen to produce lactic acid or lactate as one of the products). But real energy (in the form of ATP molecules) is obtained very little, and about 70 percent of glucose is spent on the production of lactate.

In the cells of a rapidly developing cancerous tumor, the level of glycolysis can be 200 times higher than in normal tissues. A future Nobel Prize winner suggested that it is this metabolic disorder that is the main cause of cancer.

Today, science knows that cancer causes mutations in certain genes, and it is from this side that most researchers are now trying to approach the problem, undeservedly pushing older methods to the background.

The fact is that although the Warburg effect is still widely used to detect tumors, its role in the development of cancer remained unclear. But now the results of a new study finally shed light on how sugar nourishes cancer cells, making treatment difficult.

In 2008, a coalition of Dutch and Belgian universities began their great work to find out why a tumor converts much more sugar into lactate than healthy cells. In particular, scientists were looking for a connection between glucose and the Ras gene family, errors in which lead to tumor development and the formation of metastases.

Professor Johan Teveleyn of the Flemish Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) and his colleagues have worked with yeast cultures, which, as well as people, have the Ras genes. Researchers have chosen primitive unicellular organisms so as not to be distracted by the numerous regulatory processes that take place in mammalian cells.

As reported in an article published in the journal Nature Communications, the breakdown of sugar in yeast and cancer cells occurs stepwise through the formation of a substance called fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. During high-speed glycolysis, it accumulates a lot, and it activates Ras-proteins, which stimulate enhanced reproduction of both types of cells.

The authors of the work also believe that the results of their research not only hint at the need for changes in the diet of cancer patients, but also once again indicate the danger of sugar consumption in general.

A group of scientists from the UK conducted an experiment that showed that if a person does exercise before breakfast, he can burn 20% more fat tissue. Sports in the morning on an empty stomach not only increases the effectiveness of training, but also reduces appetite during the day. Meanwhile, exposing yourself to such physical exertion still needs to be done with caution.

The study, published in the British Journal of Nutrition, was led by Dr. Emma Stevenson and graduate student Javier Gonzalez of the University of Northumbria. They asked 12 physically active male volunteers to perform treadmill exercises at 10 a.m. At the same time, some participants did this on an empty stomach, while others did it after breakfast.

After classes, all participants were offered a restorative milkshake – for lunch, subjects were asked to eat pasta. They had to be eaten until saturation was felt. Then the scientists calculated the number of calories that the participants received, as well as the calories that they burned in the morning on a sports simulator - a treadmill.

Researchers found that those who ran on an empty stomach did not seek to eat more during the day. Their appetite did not increase, despite the fact that they did not have breakfast.

The same participants burned 20% more adipose tissue compared to other subjects.

Scientists have come to the conclusion that doing exercises on an empty stomach provides the most desirable result for those who want to lose weight and keep fit.

“We already knew that if a person plays sports on an empty stomach, then during exercise, he burns more adipose tissue. We wanted to find out if the subjects will need more food during the day to offset the costs, says Mr. Gonzalez to RBC daily. - As it turned out, nothing of the kind happens. We plan to continue work on the study in the future, as we received data in one day. Now it remains to be seen whether our conclusions are valid for a longer period - a week and a month.”

Mold disease is a widespread but rarely diagnosed disease that can manifest itself in a variety of ways, including purely psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, impaired attention, blurred consciousness and insomnia. Only 25% of the population are at risk of being susceptible to mold toxicity, and in most cases, they have a genetic predisposition to inhibit biotoxin clearance. A family can live in the same house, but only one family member will get sick. This is because that person is the only person with genetic vulnerability.

Mold thrives in of water - for example, the basement and bathrooms that are not ventilated. Generally, all molds are irritating to different degrees (eyes, throat, nose) and cause allergic reactions.

Some molds, however, are more harmful than others. For example, mold families like Penicillium or Aspergillus are known to have many of their members generating mycotoxins that may have a greater effect on the health of the occupants. The following can have an impact on the health of the family:

• Trichoderma harzianum
• Stachybotrys chartarum
• Penicillium cyclopium
• Penicillium citrinum
• Penicillium chrysogenum
• Aspergillus versicolor
• Aspergillus niger
• Aspergillus fumigatus
• Aspergillus flavus
• Alternaria alternata

Cladosporium Cladosporioides is a common mold found in homes. Places such as a dirty ventilation system that have accumulated dust and moisture for many years are also susceptible to mold. Sometimes mold gets into a house with raw wood or building materials.

Toxins accumulate in the body, continuing to be harmful for a long time after contact with mold. The first thing you still need to determine where the mold is and get it out of your way.

Keep in mind that an allergy to mold is not the same as a mold disease. Allergies are caused by mold spores that enter the body when inhaled. Toxic mold emits toxic fumes, which can cause a chronic inflammatory reaction in those who are exposed to them.

Here are the most common symptoms of mold disease:

• Blurred vision.
• Confusion.
• Cough.
• Diarrhea.
• Difficulty remembering words.
• Disorientation.
• Dizziness.
• Drops in appetite.
• Dyspnea.
• Excessive thirst.
• Fatigue.
• Headache.
• Increased urination.
• Joint pain.
• Lacrimation.
• Lower learning.
• Memory losses.
• Metallic aftertaste.
• Mood swings.
• Muscle spasms.
• Numbness.
• Photosensitivity.
• Problems with concentration.
• Redness of the eyes.
• Runny nose.
• Skin sensitivity.
• Static shock.
• Stiff muscles.
• Stitching pains.
• Stomach ache.
• Sweating (especially at night).
• Temperature changes.
• Discomfort.
• Tingling.
• Tremor.
• Unusual pains.
• Weakness.

Fortunately, mold disease is treatable. Treatment can take a long time because it requires thoroughness. It is recommended to take coal and clay, which remove mycotoxins from the body as well as probiotics.

Bitcoin (BTC) has not only revolutionized the history of money, but it has also been the springboard that has allowed new commercial actors to come into public light, from those who have become promoters and prophets of this cryptocurrency, to those that have become millionaires with the investment in the financial market that this cryptocurrency opened.

For millionaires, there are cases where some of them reached their fortune without even coming of age – such is the case of Erik Finman, who became a millionaire bitcoiner as a teenager.

How did Erik Finman make his fortune?

When he was only 12 years old, during 2011, Finman was already participating in protest movements against stock market systems and abuse by banks towards users, by the hand of his older brother. It was in these protests that he first heard of BTC and was very excited about the initiative.

For that reason, he convinced his grandmother to give him a thousand dollars, which he used to buy that cryptocurrency when it cost just $ 10 per unit. In total, he managed to buy about 100 BTC. Three years later, he sold part of these and with the profits he founded his own company online, called botangle, dedicated to mentoring students in the areas of programming, design and marketing.

A few years later, a buyer offered him $ 100,000 or 300 BTC for his company. As expected Finman opted for the BTC. He combined those gains with another 100 BTC that he had managed to collect. Consequently, with the great cryptocurrency boom at the end of 2017 and with a Bitcoin price close to 20 thousand dollars, it happened to have a fortune close to 8 million dollars. It is noteworthy that by that date he was only 17 years old.

Finman made a bet with his parents: if he managed to raise a million dollars before he was 18, he wouldn't have to go to college. As we have seen, he far exceeded this goal, so, despite his parents, he devoted himself to investment and technological developments by saying goodbye to any academic plan.

It does not take much time!

Reading is the best exercise for the brain, and experts recommend that children read when they are in their mother’s stomach. The book not only helps to develop vocabulary, literacy and thinking in a child, it always brings with it countless discoveries, impressions and a new world. Therefore, parents try to read as much as possible to young children, they are happy to buy books and magazines for them.

In 2018, in a national study of children from 6 to 17 years old and their parents devoted to reading, it was found that 59% of parents read to children from birth to 5 years old, but only 38% read from 5 to 8 years old, and only 17 % of parents continue to read to children between the ages of 9 and 11. However, most children between the ages of 6 and 11 (and most parents) say that they like reading aloud.

This is why reading aloud at least 10-15 minutes a day is good for children:

1.  Increasing vocabulary.

Children who are read aloud find more words than in ordinary colloquial speech, and they learn how to recognize and pronounce them. Studies show that a large vocabulary seriously affects school success.

2. Improving understanding.

When children are actively included in the story, they better understand what is happening. By following the plot, you can check to see if your child understands what is happening. Ask him what will happen next, what he thinks about the heroes and their actions.

3. Strengthening ties between parents and children.

Minutes together and warm memories of how beloved parents read interesting stories can breathe a love of reading for life.

4. The best role models are created.

Children learn through observation and imitation. Reading aloud helps them hear how the language sounds. You can be an example of how to analyze history and how to determine the meaning of words using context hints.

5. Improving listening skills.

Reading aloud fosters an understanding of the richness of the language and helps to develop children's hearing: it will be easier for the child to understand the instructions of school teachers. It is known that a child’s reading level does not match his listening skills until around eighth grade.

Do you read aloud to children?

The NCAA, the representative body of the American university sport, made a first step towards the possible remuneration of its athletes, a few hours after two players' unions had announced their partnership to advance this issue.

By unanimous vote, the NCAA Board of Governors decided to open the door to the possibility that athletes could "benefit from their name and image".

The vote took place in a meeting at Emory University in Atlanta.

In a statement, the chair of the board of governors, Michael V. Drake, said the members realized he needed to "be open to change so university athletes could have the best experience possible."

"In recent years, we felt more and more a grumbling that existed compared to the old rules. And the situation has changed a lot in recent years when we saw university coaches in basketball, football, and huge salaries, unlike players who did not even have the right to have a free pair of shoes or to accept a coffee from a potential agent, "explains agent Sasha Ghavami, who works mainly with football players.

The NCAA rules currently prohibit athletes from receiving any remuneration in addition to their university scholarship. This is increasingly challenged by several star players, including LeBron James, who advocates for retribution of young players.

We've seen changes to basketball with agents, where athletes now have the right to have an agent to prepare the draft without losing their eligibility.

The announcement of a partnership between the National Association of University Athletes (NCPA) and the NFL Players Union (NFLPA) forced the NCAA to respond.

"The NFLPA and the NCPA are delighted to reveal about their collaboration to explore ways that athletes in all sports can finally receive fair renumeration for the use of their image, their name and their modeling." In video games in particular, says the joint statement of the two organizations.

The collaboration comes one month after the historic decision by California Governor Gavin Newsom to allow university athletes in his state to collect image rights and sign advertising contracts starting in 2023.

"To date, schools and the NCAA are selling license and broadcast rights to university athletes. These organizations derive all the revenues that are the result of the work of the athletes, without recognizing that these athletes deserve their fair share, "argue the NFLPA and the NCPA.

"As part of this new partnership, we will explore all possibilities for derivatives, video games and other officially licensed products. We will also examine the impact of television revenues for reasons of equity," they add.

"We are on the fair track, and we invite NCAA business partners to join us. It's time to make a fresh start, said Ramogi Huma, himself a former football player at UCLA.

"The United States should be a region that allows the citizens to get the best benefit of what we call a free enterprise and where we can guarantee equality of the rights," he said.

For the NCAA, more slings are expected. In the wake of the California Fair Pay Act voted in late September, other states, including Florida and New York, are planning to legislate in turn to allow university athletes to be paid.

Drinking coffee is not bad for your health and could even extend your life expectancy. However, there’s one one condition: do not consume more than five cups a day.

Good news for fans of coffee: drinking coffee is not as bad as it was long thought. The better news is that its consumption is associated with a reduction in mortality and up to two years of life expectancy, provided that it is not abused.

A decrease in the risk of death

This is the conclusion of a recent study published in The European Journal of Epidemiology led by researchers at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, South Korea, and by the Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health in Boston. The study builds on 40 previous studies of the link between mortality and coffee consumption. In total, the data of 4 million participants were screened.

The authors of the study concluded that consuming two to four cups of coffee - even decaffeinated - a reduced risk of death by a day was associated compared to people not drinking coffee. In detail, moderate consumption of coffee reduces the risk of death from heart disease by 17%, the risk of death from diabetes by 24% and the risk of cancer by 4%.

This conclusion is similar to that of a previous meta-analysis conducted in 2017 by researchers at the University of Edinburgh and published in the BMJ. They said that drinking three to four cups of coffee daily reduced the risk of death and heart disease. According to them, this reasonable consumption is also associated with a lower risk of certain cancers, diabetes, liver disease and dementia. Researchers even tout the benefits of Parkinson's disease, depression and Alzheimer's disease.

Moderate consumption

Be careful, however, not to exceed five cups of coffee a day. In another study, this time conducted by South Australia University and published in early March in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, researchers studied data from 347,077 people aged 37 to 73 years and concluded that drinking more five coffees a day increases the risk of getting involved in various cardiovascular diseases by as much as 22%. It was concluded that excess caffeine promotes high blood pressure.

"If you want to maintain and reach a healthy blood pressure and heart rate, it is important that you limit the use of your coffee and try to never exceed six cups of coffee in a day." According to our data, the critical point was the threshold point where caffeine began to have a negative effect about cardiovascular risk, "explains Dr. Elina, co-author of the work.

In a report, the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) advises healthy adults not to exceed the consumption of 400 mg of caffeine per day, throughout the day i.e. about three cups of coffee. In pregnant and lactating women, this caffeine intake should not exceed 200 mg per day.